Appendix D — Statistical Tables
After reading this chapter you should be able to:
- read a standard normal probability from a table to four decimal places
- read the standard normal loss functions and scale them to a demand distribution
- read cumulative Poisson probabilities and Poisson loss functions for hand work
These tables exist so that the hand computations of Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 can be worked without software. Every figure in them was generated at full precision and rounded for printing, so a value computed with a calculator may differ from the table in the last place shown. Where a hand result and a computed result disagree by more than that, the disagreement is a mistake and not a rounding.
D.1 Standard Normal Distribution
Table D.1 gives \(\Phi(z) = P\{Z \le z\}\) for a standard normal \(Z\). Read the first decimal place of \(z\) down the left column and the second across the top. For example, \(\Phi(1.64) = 0.9495\). For a negative argument use the symmetry of the density, \(\Phi(-z) = 1 - \Phi(z)\), so \(\Phi(-1.64) = 0.0505\).
| \(z\) | .00 | .01 | .02 | .03 | .04 | .05 | .06 | .07 | .08 | .09 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0 | 0.5000 | 0.5040 | 0.5080 | 0.5120 | 0.5160 | 0.5199 | 0.5239 | 0.5279 | 0.5319 | 0.5359 |
| 0.1 | 0.5398 | 0.5438 | 0.5478 | 0.5517 | 0.5557 | 0.5596 | 0.5636 | 0.5675 | 0.5714 | 0.5753 |
| 0.2 | 0.5793 | 0.5832 | 0.5871 | 0.5910 | 0.5948 | 0.5987 | 0.6026 | 0.6064 | 0.6103 | 0.6141 |
| 0.3 | 0.6179 | 0.6217 | 0.6255 | 0.6293 | 0.6331 | 0.6368 | 0.6406 | 0.6443 | 0.6480 | 0.6517 |
| 0.4 | 0.6554 | 0.6591 | 0.6628 | 0.6664 | 0.6700 | 0.6736 | 0.6772 | 0.6808 | 0.6844 | 0.6879 |
| 0.5 | 0.6915 | 0.6950 | 0.6985 | 0.7019 | 0.7054 | 0.7088 | 0.7123 | 0.7157 | 0.7190 | 0.7224 |
| 0.6 | 0.7257 | 0.7291 | 0.7324 | 0.7357 | 0.7389 | 0.7422 | 0.7454 | 0.7486 | 0.7517 | 0.7549 |
| 0.7 | 0.7580 | 0.7611 | 0.7642 | 0.7673 | 0.7704 | 0.7734 | 0.7764 | 0.7794 | 0.7823 | 0.7852 |
| 0.8 | 0.7881 | 0.7910 | 0.7939 | 0.7967 | 0.7995 | 0.8023 | 0.8051 | 0.8078 | 0.8106 | 0.8133 |
| 0.9 | 0.8159 | 0.8186 | 0.8212 | 0.8238 | 0.8264 | 0.8289 | 0.8315 | 0.8340 | 0.8365 | 0.8389 |
| 1.0 | 0.8413 | 0.8438 | 0.8461 | 0.8485 | 0.8508 | 0.8531 | 0.8554 | 0.8577 | 0.8599 | 0.8621 |
| 1.1 | 0.8643 | 0.8665 | 0.8686 | 0.8708 | 0.8729 | 0.8749 | 0.8770 | 0.8790 | 0.8810 | 0.8830 |
| 1.2 | 0.8849 | 0.8869 | 0.8888 | 0.8907 | 0.8925 | 0.8944 | 0.8962 | 0.8980 | 0.8997 | 0.9015 |
| 1.3 | 0.9032 | 0.9049 | 0.9066 | 0.9082 | 0.9099 | 0.9115 | 0.9131 | 0.9147 | 0.9162 | 0.9177 |
| 1.4 | 0.9192 | 0.9207 | 0.9222 | 0.9236 | 0.9251 | 0.9265 | 0.9279 | 0.9292 | 0.9306 | 0.9319 |
| 1.5 | 0.9332 | 0.9345 | 0.9357 | 0.9370 | 0.9382 | 0.9394 | 0.9406 | 0.9418 | 0.9429 | 0.9441 |
| 1.6 | 0.9452 | 0.9463 | 0.9474 | 0.9484 | 0.9495 | 0.9505 | 0.9515 | 0.9525 | 0.9535 | 0.9545 |
| 1.7 | 0.9554 | 0.9564 | 0.9573 | 0.9582 | 0.9591 | 0.9599 | 0.9608 | 0.9616 | 0.9625 | 0.9633 |
| 1.8 | 0.9641 | 0.9649 | 0.9656 | 0.9664 | 0.9671 | 0.9678 | 0.9686 | 0.9693 | 0.9699 | 0.9706 |
| 1.9 | 0.9713 | 0.9719 | 0.9726 | 0.9732 | 0.9738 | 0.9744 | 0.9750 | 0.9756 | 0.9761 | 0.9767 |
| 2.0 | 0.9772 | 0.9778 | 0.9783 | 0.9788 | 0.9793 | 0.9798 | 0.9803 | 0.9808 | 0.9812 | 0.9817 |
| 2.1 | 0.9821 | 0.9826 | 0.9830 | 0.9834 | 0.9838 | 0.9842 | 0.9846 | 0.9850 | 0.9854 | 0.9857 |
| 2.2 | 0.9861 | 0.9864 | 0.9868 | 0.9871 | 0.9875 | 0.9878 | 0.9881 | 0.9884 | 0.9887 | 0.9890 |
| 2.3 | 0.9893 | 0.9896 | 0.9898 | 0.9901 | 0.9904 | 0.9906 | 0.9909 | 0.9911 | 0.9913 | 0.9916 |
| 2.4 | 0.9918 | 0.9920 | 0.9922 | 0.9925 | 0.9927 | 0.9929 | 0.9931 | 0.9932 | 0.9934 | 0.9936 |
| 2.5 | 0.9938 | 0.9940 | 0.9941 | 0.9943 | 0.9945 | 0.9946 | 0.9948 | 0.9949 | 0.9951 | 0.9952 |
| 2.6 | 0.9953 | 0.9955 | 0.9956 | 0.9957 | 0.9959 | 0.9960 | 0.9961 | 0.9962 | 0.9963 | 0.9964 |
| 2.7 | 0.9965 | 0.9966 | 0.9967 | 0.9968 | 0.9969 | 0.9970 | 0.9971 | 0.9972 | 0.9973 | 0.9974 |
| 2.8 | 0.9974 | 0.9975 | 0.9976 | 0.9977 | 0.9977 | 0.9978 | 0.9979 | 0.9979 | 0.9980 | 0.9981 |
| 2.9 | 0.9981 | 0.9982 | 0.9982 | 0.9983 | 0.9984 | 0.9984 | 0.9985 | 0.9985 | 0.9986 | 0.9986 |
| 3.0 | 0.9987 | 0.9987 | 0.9987 | 0.9988 | 0.9988 | 0.9989 | 0.9989 | 0.9989 | 0.9990 | 0.9990 |
| 3.1 | 0.9990 | 0.9991 | 0.9991 | 0.9991 | 0.9992 | 0.9992 | 0.9992 | 0.9992 | 0.9993 | 0.9993 |
| 3.2 | 0.9993 | 0.9993 | 0.9994 | 0.9994 | 0.9994 | 0.9994 | 0.9994 | 0.9995 | 0.9995 | 0.9995 |
| 3.3 | 0.9995 | 0.9995 | 0.9995 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9996 | 0.9997 |
| 3.4 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9997 | 0.9998 |
D.2 Standard Normal Loss Functions
Table D.2 gives the density, the complementary distribution function, and the loss functions of the first three orders, defined in Section C.3.4 and Section C.3.6. To use them for a demand \(X \sim N(\mu, \sigma^{2})\) at a stock level \(x\), form \(z = (x-\mu)/\sigma\) and scale by Equation C.20: \(G^{1}(x) = \sigma\Phi^{1}(z)\), \(G^{2}(x) = \sigma^{2}\Phi^{2}(z)\) and \(G^{3}(x) = \sigma^{3}\Phi^{3}(z)\).
Unlike Table D.1 this table carries negative arguments, because a stock level below the mean is an ordinary situation in inventory work and the loss functions have no symmetry to exploit.
| \(z\) | \(\phi(z)\) | \(\Phi^{0}(z)\) | \(\Phi^{1}(z)\) | \(\Phi^{2}(z)\) | \(\Phi^{3}(z)\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| \(-3.0\) | 0.0044 | 0.9987 | 3.0004 | 4.9999 | 6.0000 |
| \(-2.9\) | 0.0060 | 0.9981 | 2.9005 | 4.7049 | 5.5149 |
| \(-2.8\) | 0.0079 | 0.9974 | 2.8008 | 4.4198 | 5.0587 |
| \(-2.7\) | 0.0104 | 0.9965 | 2.7011 | 4.1447 | 4.6306 |
| \(-2.6\) | 0.0136 | 0.9953 | 2.6015 | 3.8796 | 4.2295 |
| \(-2.5\) | 0.0175 | 0.9938 | 2.5020 | 3.6244 | 3.8543 |
| \(-2.4\) | 0.0224 | 0.9918 | 2.4027 | 3.3792 | 3.5042 |
| \(-2.3\) | 0.0283 | 0.9893 | 2.3037 | 3.1438 | 3.1782 |
| \(-2.2\) | 0.0355 | 0.9861 | 2.2049 | 2.9184 | 2.8751 |
| \(-2.1\) | 0.0440 | 0.9821 | 2.1065 | 2.7029 | 2.5942 |
| \(-2.0\) | 0.0540 | 0.9772 | 2.0085 | 2.4971 | 2.3342 |
| \(-1.9\) | 0.0656 | 0.9713 | 1.9111 | 2.3011 | 2.0944 |
| \(-1.8\) | 0.0790 | 0.9641 | 1.8143 | 2.1149 | 1.8737 |
| \(-1.7\) | 0.0940 | 0.9554 | 1.7183 | 1.9383 | 1.6711 |
| \(-1.6\) | 0.1109 | 0.9452 | 1.6232 | 1.7712 | 1.4857 |
| \(-1.5\) | 0.1295 | 0.9332 | 1.5293 | 1.6136 | 1.3166 |
| \(-1.4\) | 0.1497 | 0.9192 | 1.4367 | 1.4653 | 1.1627 |
| \(-1.3\) | 0.1714 | 0.9032 | 1.3455 | 1.3262 | 1.0232 |
| \(-1.2\) | 0.1942 | 0.8849 | 1.2561 | 1.1961 | 0.8972 |
| \(-1.1\) | 0.2179 | 0.8643 | 1.1686 | 1.0749 | 0.7837 |
| \(-1.0\) | 0.2420 | 0.8413 | 1.0833 | 0.9623 | 0.6819 |
| \(-0.9\) | 0.2661 | 0.8159 | 1.0004 | 0.8582 | 0.5909 |
| \(-0.8\) | 0.2897 | 0.7881 | 0.9202 | 0.7622 | 0.5100 |
| \(-0.7\) | 0.3123 | 0.7580 | 0.8429 | 0.6740 | 0.4382 |
| \(-0.6\) | 0.3332 | 0.7257 | 0.7687 | 0.5935 | 0.3749 |
| \(-0.5\) | 0.3521 | 0.6915 | 0.6978 | 0.5202 | 0.3193 |
| \(-0.4\) | 0.3683 | 0.6554 | 0.6304 | 0.4538 | 0.2707 |
| \(-0.3\) | 0.3814 | 0.6179 | 0.5668 | 0.3940 | 0.2283 |
| \(-0.2\) | 0.3910 | 0.5793 | 0.5069 | 0.3403 | 0.1917 |
| \(-0.1\) | 0.3970 | 0.5398 | 0.4509 | 0.2925 | 0.1601 |
| \(0.0\) | 0.3989 | 0.5000 | 0.3989 | 0.2500 | 0.1330 |
| \(0.1\) | 0.3970 | 0.4602 | 0.3509 | 0.2125 | 0.1099 |
| \(0.2\) | 0.3910 | 0.4207 | 0.3069 | 0.1797 | 0.0903 |
| \(0.3\) | 0.3814 | 0.3821 | 0.2668 | 0.1510 | 0.0738 |
| \(0.4\) | 0.3683 | 0.3446 | 0.2304 | 0.1262 | 0.0600 |
| \(0.5\) | 0.3521 | 0.3085 | 0.1978 | 0.1048 | 0.0485 |
| \(0.6\) | 0.3332 | 0.2743 | 0.1687 | 0.0865 | 0.0389 |
| \(0.7\) | 0.3123 | 0.2420 | 0.1429 | 0.0710 | 0.0311 |
| \(0.8\) | 0.2897 | 0.2119 | 0.1202 | 0.0578 | 0.0246 |
| \(0.9\) | 0.2661 | 0.1841 | 0.1004 | 0.0468 | 0.0194 |
| \(1.0\) | 0.2420 | 0.1587 | 0.0833 | 0.0377 | 0.0152 |
| \(1.1\) | 0.2179 | 0.1357 | 0.0686 | 0.0301 | 0.0118 |
| \(1.2\) | 0.1942 | 0.1151 | 0.0561 | 0.0239 | 0.0092 |
| \(1.3\) | 0.1714 | 0.0968 | 0.0455 | 0.0188 | 0.0070 |
| \(1.4\) | 0.1497 | 0.0808 | 0.0367 | 0.0147 | 0.0054 |
| \(1.5\) | 0.1295 | 0.0668 | 0.0293 | 0.0114 | 0.0041 |
| \(1.6\) | 0.1109 | 0.0548 | 0.0232 | 0.0088 | 0.0031 |
| \(1.7\) | 0.0940 | 0.0446 | 0.0183 | 0.0067 | 0.0023 |
| \(1.8\) | 0.0790 | 0.0359 | 0.0143 | 0.0051 | 0.0017 |
| \(1.9\) | 0.0656 | 0.0287 | 0.0111 | 0.0039 | 0.0012 |
| \(2.0\) | 0.0540 | 0.0228 | 0.0085 | 0.0029 | 0.0009 |
| \(2.1\) | 0.0440 | 0.0179 | 0.0065 | 0.0021 | 0.0007 |
| \(2.2\) | 0.0355 | 0.0139 | 0.0049 | 0.0016 | 0.0005 |
| \(2.3\) | 0.0283 | 0.0107 | 0.0037 | 0.0012 | 0.0003 |
| \(2.4\) | 0.0224 | 0.0082 | 0.0027 | 0.0008 | 0.0002 |
| \(2.5\) | 0.0175 | 0.0062 | 0.0020 | 0.0006 | 0.0002 |
| \(2.6\) | 0.0136 | 0.0047 | 0.0015 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 |
| \(2.7\) | 0.0104 | 0.0035 | 0.0011 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 |
| \(2.8\) | 0.0079 | 0.0026 | 0.0008 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 |
| \(2.9\) | 0.0060 | 0.0019 | 0.0005 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.0\) | 0.0044 | 0.0013 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.1\) | 0.0033 | 0.0010 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.2\) | 0.0024 | 0.0007 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.3\) | 0.0017 | 0.0005 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.4\) | 0.0012 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.5\) | 0.0009 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.6\) | 0.0006 | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.7\) | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.8\) | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| \(3.9\) | 0.0002 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| \(4.0\) | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
D.3 Cumulative Poisson Probabilities
Table D.3 gives \(G(x) = P\{X \le x\}\) for a Poisson random variable with mean \(\lambda\). Recall from Equation C.9 that the complementary function used throughout the loss function material is \(G^{0}(x) = 1 - G(x) = P\{X > x\}\), which is \(P\{X \ge x+1\}\) and not \(P\{X \ge x\}\). Subtracting a table entry from one gives \(G^{0}\) directly.
For example, the discrete newsvendor rule of Equation 7.13 asks for the smallest \(x\) whose cumulative probability reaches a critical ratio. At \(\lambda = 6\) and a ratio of 0.6628, reading down the \(\lambda = 6\) column gives \(G(6) = 0.6063\), which is short, and \(G(7) = 0.7440\), which clears it.
| \(x\) | \(0.5\) | \(1\) | \(2\) | \(3\) | \(4\) | \(5\) | \(6\) | \(7.5\) | \(8\) | \(10\) | \(12\) | \(15\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.6065 | 0.3679 | 0.1353 | 0.0498 | 0.0183 | 0.0067 | 0.0025 | 0.0006 | 0.0003 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
| 1 | 0.9098 | 0.7358 | 0.4060 | 0.1991 | 0.0916 | 0.0404 | 0.0174 | 0.0047 | 0.0030 | 0.0005 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 |
| 2 | 0.9856 | 0.9197 | 0.6767 | 0.4232 | 0.2381 | 0.1247 | 0.0620 | 0.0203 | 0.0138 | 0.0028 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 |
| 3 | 0.9982 | 0.9810 | 0.8571 | 0.6472 | 0.4335 | 0.2650 | 0.1512 | 0.0591 | 0.0424 | 0.0103 | 0.0023 | 0.0002 |
| 4 | 0.9998 | 0.9963 | 0.9473 | 0.8153 | 0.6288 | 0.4405 | 0.2851 | 0.1321 | 0.0996 | 0.0293 | 0.0076 | 0.0009 |
| 5 | 1.0000 | 0.9994 | 0.9834 | 0.9161 | 0.7851 | 0.6160 | 0.4457 | 0.2414 | 0.1912 | 0.0671 | 0.0203 | 0.0028 |
| 6 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9955 | 0.9665 | 0.8893 | 0.7622 | 0.6063 | 0.3782 | 0.3134 | 0.1301 | 0.0458 | 0.0076 |
| 7 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9989 | 0.9881 | 0.9489 | 0.8666 | 0.7440 | 0.5246 | 0.4530 | 0.2202 | 0.0895 | 0.0180 |
| 8 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9998 | 0.9962 | 0.9786 | 0.9319 | 0.8472 | 0.6620 | 0.5925 | 0.3328 | 0.1550 | 0.0374 |
| 9 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9989 | 0.9919 | 0.9682 | 0.9161 | 0.7764 | 0.7166 | 0.4579 | 0.2424 | 0.0699 |
| 10 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9997 | 0.9972 | 0.9863 | 0.9574 | 0.8622 | 0.8159 | 0.5830 | 0.3472 | 0.1185 |
| 11 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9991 | 0.9945 | 0.9799 | 0.9208 | 0.8881 | 0.6968 | 0.4616 | 0.1848 |
| 12 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9997 | 0.9980 | 0.9912 | 0.9573 | 0.9362 | 0.7916 | 0.5760 | 0.2676 |
| 13 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9993 | 0.9964 | 0.9784 | 0.9658 | 0.8645 | 0.6815 | 0.3632 |
| 14 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9998 | 0.9986 | 0.9897 | 0.9827 | 0.9165 | 0.7720 | 0.4657 |
| 15 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9995 | 0.9954 | 0.9918 | 0.9513 | 0.8444 | 0.5681 |
| 16 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9998 | 0.9980 | 0.9963 | 0.9730 | 0.8987 | 0.6641 |
| 17 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9992 | 0.9984 | 0.9857 | 0.9370 | 0.7489 |
| 18 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9997 | 0.9993 | 0.9928 | 0.9626 | 0.8195 |
| 19 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9997 | 0.9965 | 0.9787 | 0.8752 |
| 20 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9984 | 0.9884 | 0.9170 |
| 21 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9993 | 0.9939 | 0.9469 |
| 22 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9997 | 0.9970 | 0.9673 |
| 23 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 0.9985 | 0.9805 |
| 24 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9993 | 0.9888 |
| 25 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9997 | 0.9938 |
D.4 Poisson Loss Functions
Chapter 8 works the Poisson case by hand, and doing so needs the loss functions rather than the probabilities. Table D.4 and Table D.5 give them at the same values of \(\lambda\).
Read Table D.4 as the expected number of units of demand that go unmet when \(x\) units are available. Notice that the entry at \(x = 0\) is \(G^{1}(0) = \lambda\), the whole of expected demand, which is the arithmetic check on any column.
| \(x\) | \(0.5\) | \(1\) | \(2\) | \(3\) | \(4\) | \(5\) | \(6\) | \(7.5\) | \(8\) | \(10\) | \(12\) | \(15\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.5000 | 1.0000 | 2.0000 | 3.0000 | 4.0000 | 5.0000 | 6.0000 | 7.5000 | 8.0000 | 10.0000 | 12.0000 | 15.0000 |
| 1 | 0.1065 | 0.3679 | 1.1353 | 2.0498 | 3.0183 | 4.0067 | 5.0025 | 6.5006 | 7.0003 | 9.0000 | 11.0000 | 14.0000 |
| 2 | 0.0163 | 0.1036 | 0.5413 | 1.2489 | 2.1099 | 3.0472 | 4.0198 | 5.5053 | 6.0034 | 8.0005 | 10.0001 | 13.0000 |
| 3 | 0.0019 | 0.0233 | 0.2180 | 0.6721 | 1.3480 | 2.1718 | 3.0818 | 4.5255 | 5.0171 | 7.0033 | 9.0006 | 12.0000 |
| 4 | 0.0002 | 0.0043 | 0.0751 | 0.3194 | 0.7815 | 1.4368 | 2.2330 | 3.5847 | 4.0595 | 6.0137 | 8.0029 | 11.0003 |
| 5 | 0.0000 | 0.0007 | 0.0225 | 0.1346 | 0.4103 | 0.8773 | 1.5181 | 2.7167 | 3.1591 | 5.0429 | 7.0105 | 10.0011 |
| 6 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0059 | 0.0507 | 0.1954 | 0.4933 | 0.9637 | 1.9582 | 2.3504 | 4.1100 | 6.0308 | 9.0039 |
| 7 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0014 | 0.0172 | 0.0848 | 0.2555 | 0.5700 | 1.3363 | 1.6637 | 3.2401 | 5.0767 | 8.0115 |
| 8 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0053 | 0.0336 | 0.1221 | 0.3140 | 0.8609 | 1.1167 | 2.4604 | 4.1662 | 7.0295 |
| 9 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0015 | 0.0123 | 0.0540 | 0.1613 | 0.5229 | 0.7092 | 1.7932 | 3.3212 | 6.0670 |
| 10 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0041 | 0.0222 | 0.0773 | 0.2993 | 0.4259 | 1.2511 | 2.5636 | 5.1368 |
| 11 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.0085 | 0.0347 | 0.1616 | 0.2417 | 0.8341 | 1.9108 | 4.2553 |
| 12 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0030 | 0.0146 | 0.0823 | 0.1298 | 0.5309 | 1.3724 | 3.4401 |
| 13 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0010 | 0.0058 | 0.0397 | 0.0660 | 0.3225 | 0.9484 | 2.7077 |
| 14 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0022 | 0.0181 | 0.0318 | 0.1869 | 0.6299 | 2.0709 |
| 15 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0008 | 0.0078 | 0.0146 | 0.1035 | 0.4019 | 1.5365 |
| 16 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0032 | 0.0064 | 0.0547 | 0.2464 | 1.1046 |
| 17 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.0026 | 0.0277 | 0.1451 | 0.7688 |
| 18 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0010 | 0.0134 | 0.0821 | 0.5176 |
| 19 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0.0062 | 0.0447 | 0.3371 |
| 20 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0028 | 0.0234 | 0.2123 |
| 21 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0012 | 0.0118 | 0.1293 |
| 22 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0057 | 0.0762 |
| 23 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.0027 | 0.0435 |
| 24 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0012 | 0.0240 |
| 25 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0128 |
| \(x\) | \(0.5\) | \(1\) | \(2\) | \(3\) | \(4\) | \(5\) | \(6\) | \(7.5\) | \(8\) | \(10\) | \(12\) | \(15\) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.1250 | 0.5000 | 2.0000 | 4.5000 | 8.0000 | 12.5000 | 18.0000 | 28.1250 | 32.0000 | 50.0000 | 72.0000 | 112.5000 |
| 1 | 0.0185 | 0.1321 | 0.8647 | 2.4502 | 4.9817 | 8.4933 | 12.9975 | 21.6244 | 24.9997 | 41.0000 | 61.0000 | 98.5000 |
| 2 | 0.0021 | 0.0285 | 0.3233 | 1.2013 | 2.8718 | 5.4461 | 8.9777 | 16.1192 | 18.9963 | 32.9994 | 50.9999 | 85.5000 |
| 3 | 0.0002 | 0.0051 | 0.1053 | 0.5292 | 1.5238 | 3.2743 | 5.8959 | 11.5937 | 13.9792 | 25.9961 | 41.9993 | 73.4999 |
| 4 | 0.0000 | 0.0008 | 0.0302 | 0.2098 | 0.7423 | 1.8374 | 3.6629 | 8.0090 | 9.9197 | 19.9824 | 33.9964 | 62.4997 |
| 5 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0077 | 0.0752 | 0.3320 | 0.9601 | 2.1448 | 5.2923 | 6.7606 | 14.9395 | 26.9859 | 52.4986 |
| 6 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0018 | 0.0245 | 0.1366 | 0.4668 | 1.1811 | 3.3342 | 4.4102 | 10.8296 | 20.9551 | 43.4947 |
| 7 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0073 | 0.0518 | 0.2113 | 0.6111 | 1.9978 | 2.7465 | 7.5894 | 15.8784 | 35.4831 |
| 8 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0020 | 0.0182 | 0.0892 | 0.2970 | 1.1369 | 1.6298 | 5.1291 | 11.7122 | 28.4536 |
| 9 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0059 | 0.0352 | 0.1358 | 0.6140 | 0.9206 | 3.3359 | 8.3910 | 22.3866 |
| 10 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0018 | 0.0130 | 0.0584 | 0.3147 | 0.4947 | 2.0848 | 5.8274 | 17.2498 |
| 11 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0045 | 0.0237 | 0.1531 | 0.2530 | 1.2507 | 3.9166 | 12.9945 |
| 12 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0015 | 0.0091 | 0.0708 | 0.1231 | 0.7197 | 2.5442 | 9.5544 |
| 13 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 | 0.0033 | 0.0311 | 0.0571 | 0.3973 | 1.5958 | 6.8468 |
| 14 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0130 | 0.0253 | 0.2103 | 0.9659 | 4.7759 |
| 15 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0052 | 0.0107 | 0.1069 | 0.5640 | 3.2393 |
| 16 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0020 | 0.0043 | 0.0521 | 0.3176 | 2.1347 |
| 17 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0007 | 0.0017 | 0.0244 | 0.1726 | 1.3659 |
| 18 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0.0110 | 0.0905 | 0.8483 |
| 19 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0048 | 0.0458 | 0.5113 |
| 20 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0020 | 0.0224 | 0.2990 |
| 21 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0008 | 0.0106 | 0.1696 |
| 22 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0048 | 0.0934 |
| 23 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0021 | 0.0499 |
| 24 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0009 | 0.0259 |
| 25 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | -0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0004 | 0.0131 |